Vitamins

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

An essential water-soluble vitamin crucial for energy metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and hormone production

Quick Facts

Daily Needs

5 mg for adults, with variations based on age and life stage

Importance

Pantothenic acid is essential for energy metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, acetylcholine production, and adrenal hormone regulation.

Key Functions

  • Energy production from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
  • Fatty acid synthesis and metabolism
  • Cholesterol production
  • Hormone synthesis (particularly adrenal hormones)
  • Acetylcholine synthesis (important for nerve function)
  • Vitamin utilization
  • Detoxification reactions
  • Red blood cell formation
  • Stress response support
  • Skin and mucous membrane health

Deficiency Signs

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Irritability
  • Digestive disturbances
  • Burning feet syndrome
  • Numbness and tingling in hands and feet
  • Headaches
  • Muscle cramps
  • Increased susceptibility to infections
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Poor coordination
  • Insomnia

Excess Signs

  • Diarrhea at very high doses
  • Nausea
  • Heartburn
  • Generally considered non-toxic even at high doses
  • Water retention (rare)
  • Abnormal liver function tests (rare)

Best Food Sources

  • Organ meats (liver, kidney)
  • Egg yolks
  • Avocados
  • Sunflower seeds
  • Mushrooms (shiitake, crimini)
  • Fish (salmon, trout)
  • Chicken and poultry
  • Sweet potatoes
  • Legumes (lentils, chickpeas)
  • Whole grains
  • Broccoli and cauliflower
  • Yogurt

Absorption Facts

  • Water-soluble - excess is excreted in urine
  • Absorbed in the small intestine
  • Absorption rate is typically high (50-90%)
  • Alcohol can impair absorption
  • Widely distributed in foods (name 'pantothenic' comes from Greek 'pantothen' meaning 'from all sides')
  • Less stable to heat and processing than many other B vitamins
  • Cooking can destroy 15-50% of pantothenic acid content
  • Freezing foods has minimal impact on pantothenic acid content

Special Considerations

  • Needs may increase during periods of stress
  • Athletes and physically active people may have higher requirements
  • May help with wound healing when applied topically
  • Therapeutic doses may help with certain skin conditions
  • Often included in hair and skin care products for its moisturizing properties
  • Higher doses may benefit rheumatoid arthritis symptoms in some people
  • Deficiency is rare due to widespread presence in foods
  • Works synergistically with other B vitamins
  • May reduce side effects of certain medications

About Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

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